Molina Healthcare, Inc.
January 11, 2008
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Senior Assistant Chief Accountant
Mail Stop 6010
Division of Corporation Finance
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
450 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Re:
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Molina Healthcare, Inc.
Form 10-K for Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2006
Form 10-Q for Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2007
File No. 1-31719 |
Dear Mr. Rosenberg:
On behalf of Molina Healthcare, Inc. (the Company), this letter is in response to the comment
letter to the Company dated December 21, 2007 from the United States Securities and Exchange
Commission (the Commission) relating to the above-referenced periodic filings of the Company.
We appreciate the efforts of the Commission to assist us in our compliance with the applicable
disclosure requirements and to enhance the overall disclosure in our filings. We make every effort
to be transparent in our financial reporting in order to allow investors to understand our Company
and the matters which affect our earnings, financial position, and results of operations.
Below we have listed your comments for ease of reference and our responses to those comments. The
numbers of the paragraphs below correspond to the numbers of the comments contained in the
Commissions letter.
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 2
Comment:
Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Critical Accounting Policies, page 39
1. |
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A basic tenet of FR 72 is that the effects of material estimates made in the preparation of
financial statements should be transparent to users. Although you identify your accrual for
medical claims and benefits payable as a critical estimate and discuss the underlying
uncertainties and judgments made in your estimates, your disclosure of the effects of changes
in this estimate does not appear to identify whether the underlying changes are reasonably
likely. Please revise your disclosure regarding the sensitivity of your estimates for your
liabilities for medical claims and benefits payable to clearly present the impact on earnings,
financial position and liquidity of changes that you believe are reasonably likely to occur.
In this regard, it is apparent from your SOP 94-5 disclosures on page 51 of your Form 10-K and
page 29 of your September 30, 2007 Form 10-Q that your recent adjustments of prior period
accruals are greater than the range provided in your sensitivity analyses. |
Response:
Below is our response to comments 1 and 3 of the Commissions letter. We have grouped our responses
to the two comments since both of the comments relate to our disclosure of the effects of changes in our
IBNR estimates, adjustments to prior period IBNR accruals, and our sensitivity analyses. In
addition, attached hereto as Exhibit A is the excerpted and revised Critical Accounting
Policy disclosure from the Companys most recent Form 10-Q filing as referred to in the
Commissions comment 3. This revised disclosure, updated as appropriate for the current period,
will be made in all future periodic report filings beginning with the Companys Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.
Our revised disclosure will clarify that, because of our consistent reserving methodology, any
benefit from an un-utilized prior period accrual for adverse claims development will likely be
offset by the establishment of a new current period accrual for adverse claims development in an
approximately equal amount (relative to premium revenue, medical expense, and medical claims
liability).
As a standard practice, within our estimate of claims liabilities we include a reserve specifically
for adverse claims development, as well as a reserve for the administrative costs of settling all
claims incurred through the applicable reporting date. The absence of adverse claims development in
a particular period will thus lead to the recognition of a benefit from prior period claims
development in the subsequent period. However, that
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 3
benefit will affect current period earnings only to the extent that the replenishment of the
reserve for adverse claims development is less than the benefit recognized in the current period
relating to the development of reserves from the prior period. This generally does not occur, and
thus current period earnings are largely unaffected by the benefit from prior period claims
development.
A review of the SOP 94-5 tabular disclosure we presented in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended
September 30, 2007 illustrates this point. The initial portion of our SOP 94-5 disclosure is
presented below for ease of reference. The last three rows of the table included below were not
part of that original disclosure but are presented for analytical purposes (these three additional
rows will be included in our future disclosures as shown in Exhibit A).
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Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Balances at beginning of period |
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$ |
290,048 |
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$ |
217,354 |
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Medical claims and benefits payable from business acquired |
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22,536 |
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Components of medical care costs related to: |
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Current year |
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1,568,949 |
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1,254,174 |
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Prior years |
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(49,705 |
) |
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(38,342 |
) |
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Total medical care costs |
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1,519,244 |
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1,215,832 |
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Payments for medical care costs related to: |
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Current year |
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1,278,321 |
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1,017,923 |
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Prior years |
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222,249 |
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180,872 |
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Total paid |
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1,500,570 |
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1,198,795 |
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Balances at end of period |
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$ |
308,722 |
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$ |
256,927 |
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Benefit from prior period as a percentage of premium revenue |
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2.8 |
% |
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2.7 |
% |
Benefit from prior period as a percentage of balance at beginning of period. |
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17.1 |
% |
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17.6 |
% |
Benefit from prior period as a percentage of total medical care costs |
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3.3 |
% |
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3.2 |
% |
The approximately equivalent percentages shown in the last three rows of the table
demonstrate that the benefit recognized from prior period claims development was consistent and did
not have a material impact on our reported earnings, financial position, or liquidity in the
relevant periods. These results are what would be expected when the Companys liability accruals
are adequate for the periods presented and our reserving methodology has been consistent.
Despite our efforts always to maintain adequate claims liability accruals, we have in the past been
required to increase our claims reserves for periods previously reported, and also to establish
larger reserves for potential adverse claims development in the current period. This most recently
occurred with respect to our second quarter in 2005, during which quarter we experienced an
unexpected adverse claims development related to the previous quarter and an earnings loss.
Significant increases to our prior period claims reserves materially decrease reported earnings
for the period in which the adjustment is made. Under these circumstances, current period earnings
will be reduced both by the lack of a benefit from prior period
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 4
claims development and also by the need to establish a larger reserve for adverse claims
development on a go-forward basis.
This pattern can be seen in our SOP 94-5 tabular disclosure on page 51 of our 2006 Form 10-K. That
disclosure shows that our 2005 earnings were reduced by $466,000 as a result of the under-accrual
of our claims liability. This under-accrual related primarily to the second quarter of 2005 as
referenced above. As a result of that under-accrual, we were required to establish larger reserves
in the first half of 2006 for potential adverse claims development. This can be seen from the SOP
94-5 tabular disclosure in our first and second quarter 2006 Forms 10-Q.
The SOP 94-5 disclosure in our 2006 Form 10-K shows a benefit of approximately $37.6 million from
the positive development of our claims accrual as established at December 31, 2005. However, it
should be stressed that this does not mean that our 2006 earnings were $37.6 million higher due to
the favorable prior period claims development from 2005. In fact, as noted above, the benefit in
2007 of $37.4 million (through September 30, 2007) for the liability established at December 31,
2006 substantially offset the favorable claims development in 2006 from 2005. In addition, since
our claims processing costs are reflected in our administrative expenses, a portion of what appears
to be positive claims development in 2006 is the reversal of the reserve for the administrative
costs of settling all claims included in our claims liability, a reserve which was also
re-established as part of our overall December 31, 2006 claims reserve. As noted above in our
discussion of the SOP 94-5 disclosure from our most recent Form 10-Q, the benefits recognized as of
the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were of a similar size to the $37.6 million
benefit as of December 31, 2006 disclosed in our 2006 10-K. This indicates that any depletion of a
particular quarters reserve for adverse claims development was substantially offset by the
establishment of a new reserve in the subsequent quarter.
The preceding discussion illustrates that the tabular
SOP 94-5 disclosure may not by itself provide sufficient information to the user given that an
under-accrual of claims liability in one period (and therefore an overstatement of earnings in that
period) will not become apparent until the SOP 94-5 disclosure in the following period reflects the
absence of a benefit for that prior period. To compensate for this and to provide
investors with more current measures of our earnings quality, we have regularly included in our
disclosures the following additional information:
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In order to help investors gauge the consistency of our reserving methodology over
time, we have routinely disclosed days in claims payable in our quarterly earnings
releases and more recently in our reports on Form 10-Q. The days in claims payable
calculation measures the size of our accrual for medical claims and benefits payable
relative to our annualized medical care costs. In order to calculate days in claims
payable: (i) we first divide annualized medical care costs at the close of each period
presented by the number of days in the year to arrive at average medical care costs per
day, then (ii) we divide that number into
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Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 5
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our accrual for medical claims and benefits payable to arrive at days in claim payable.
The presentation of this measure over a number of periods allows investors to gauge the
relative degree of caution implicit in our accruals. At public analyst calls over the last
year, the Company has consistently stated its intent to maintain days in claims payable in
the range of 50-55 days. As reported on page 23 of our quarterly report on Form 10-Q for
the quarter ended September 30, 2007, days in claims payable were 54 days at each of
September 30, 2007, June 30, 2007, and September 30, 2006. |
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We have also provided information on actual claims inventory on hand both the number
of claims and the billed charges associated with those claims. See, for example, the SOP
94-5 tabular disclosure we included in our Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30,
2007. |
We believe these additional disclosures assist in making our financial information transparent to
users.
In addition to making the supplemental and revised disclosures on a prospective basis as described
above, we also intend to expand the range of our tabular disclosure regarding a hypothetical
increase or decrease of our completion factors and trended per member per month (PMPM) cost
estimates. This will increase the likelihood that any subsequent adjustments of our prior period
accruals are included in the range provided in our sensitivity analyses. Such supplemental disclosure
regarding the effect of hypothetical changes in our completion factors and PMPM cost estimates will
include the potential impact on our net income and earnings per diluted share.
Finally, we intend to reorganize our disclosures so that the SOP 94-5 disclosure, updated as
appropriate for the then-current period, would also appear in the discussion of our Critical
Accounting Policies. This will allow us to address with specificity the impact on our earnings,
financial position, and liquidity of changes that we believe are reasonably likely in our estimates
for the relevant period.
Comment:
Contractual Obligations, page 41
2. |
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We believe that insurance obligations, including your medical claims and benefits payable,
are contractual obligations under Item 303(a)(5) of Regulations S-K. Please revise your
contractual obligation table to include the estimated timing of the payment of your medical
claims and benefits payable. |
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 6
Response:
We note the Staffs comment and will revise the contractual obligation table in all of our
subsequently filed Forms 10-K to add a row to include our medical claims and benefits payable and
the estimated timing of the payment of those obligations.
Comment:
Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2007
Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Critical Accounting Policies, page 28
3. |
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Your reversal of prior period accruals for medical claims and benefits payable for the
interim periods in both 2007 and 2006 and for the annual period of 2006 appear to be
significant compared to your reported net income for the respective periods. However, your
disclosures of medical claims and benefits payable here and medical care costs in the results
of operations section do not appear to discuss your significant adjustments to prior period
accruals. Please revise your disclosures to fully discuss why you adjusted your estimates of
prior period accruals. Please ensure that you discuss your actual experience compared to your
estimates of the completion factors and trended per member per month costs you identify in
your sensitivity analyses of these liabilities. |
Response:
We note the Commissions comment and will revise the disclosure in all future filings of our Forms
10-Q to read in a manner that is consistent with our response given above with respect to comment
1.
Acknowledgement:
We acknowledge that:
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the Company is responsible for the adequacy and accuracy of the disclosures in its
filings; |
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Staff comments or changes to disclosure in response to Staff comments do not foreclose
the Commission from taking any action with respect to the Companys filings; and |
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 7
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the Company may not assert Staff comments as a defense in any proceeding initiated by
the Commission or any person under the federal securities laws of the United States. |
If we may be of any assistance in answering questions which may arise in connection with this
letter, please call the undersigned at (562) 435-3666, ext. 111566, or Jeff Barlow at (916)
646-9193, ext. 114663.
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Respectfully submitted,
/s/ Joseph W. White
Joseph W. White
Chief Accounting Officer
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cc: Mark Brunhofer
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 8
EXHIBIT A
ATTACHMENT TO RESPONSE OF MOLINA HEALTHCARE TO S.E.C. COMMENT LETTER
Comments 1 and 3
Critical Accounting Policies
When we prepare our consolidated financial statements, we use estimates and assumptions that
may affect reported amounts and disclosures. The determination of our liability for claims and
medical benefits payable is particularly important to the determination of our financial position
and results of operations in any particular period. Such determination of our liability requires
the application of a significant degree of judgment by our management. As a result, the
determination of our liability for claims and medical benefits is subject to an inherent degree of
uncertainty.
Our medical care costs include amounts that have actually been paid by us through the
reporting date, as well as estimated liabilities for medical care costs incurred but not paid by us
as of the reporting date. Such medical care cost liabilities include, among other items, capitation
payments owed providers, unpaid pharmacy invoices, and various medically related administrative
costs that have been incurred but not paid. We use judgment to determine the appropriate
assumptions for determining the required estimates.
The most important element in estimating our medical care costs is our estimate for
fee-for-service claims which have been incurred but not paid by us. These fee-for-service costs
that have been incurred but have not been paid at the reporting date are collectively referred to
as medical costs that are Incurred But Not Reported, or IBNR. We estimate our IBNR monthly using
actuarial methods based upon a number of factors. Such factors include, without limitation, claims
receipt and payment experience (and variations in that experience), changes in membership, provider
billing practices, health care service utilization trends, cost trends, product mix, seasonality,
prior authorization of medical services, benefit changes, known outbreaks of disease or increased
incidence of illness such as influenza, provider contract changes, changes to Medicaid fee
schedules, and the incidence of high dollar or catastrophic claims. Our assessment of these factors
is then translated into an estimate of our IBNR liability at the relevant measuring point through
the estimation of claims payment completion factors and trended per member per month cost
estimates.
For the fifth month of service prior to the reporting date and earlier, we estimate our
outstanding claims liability based upon actual claims paid, adjusted for estimated completion
factors. Completion factors seek to measure the cumulative percentage of claims expense that will
have been paid for a given month of service as of the reporting date based on historical payment
patterns.
The following table reflects the change in our estimate of claims liability as of September
30, 2007 that would have resulted had we changed our completion factors for the fifth through the
twelfth months preceding September 30, 2007 by the percentages indicated. A reduction in the
completion factor results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Our Utah HMO is excluded
from these calculations, as the majority of the Utah business is conducted under a cost
reimbursement contract. Dollar amounts are in thousands.
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 9
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(Decrease) Increase in |
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Increase (Decrease) in |
Estimated |
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Medical Claims and |
Completion Factors |
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Benefits Payable |
(6)% |
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$ |
41,586 |
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(4)% |
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27,724 |
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(2)% |
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13,862 |
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2% |
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(13,862 |
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4% |
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(27,724 |
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6% |
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(41,586 |
) |
For the four months of service immediately prior to the reporting date, actual claims paid are
not a reliable measure of our ultimate liability, given the inherent delay between the
patient/physician encounter and the actual submission of a claim for payment. For these months of
service, we estimate our claims liability based upon trended per member per month (PMPM) cost
estimates. These estimates are designed to reflect recent trends in payments and expense,
utilization patterns, authorized services, and other relevant factors. The following table reflects
the change in our estimate of claims liability as of September 30, 2007 that would have resulted
had we altered our trend factors by the percentages indicated. An increase in the PMPM costs
results in an increase in medical claims liabilities. Our Utah HMO is excluded from these
calculations, as the majority of the Utah business is conducted under a cost reimbursement
contract. Dollar amounts are in thousands.
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(Decrease) Increase in |
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(Decrease) Increase in |
Trended Per member Per Month |
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Medical Claims and |
Cost Estimates |
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Benefits Payable |
(6)% |
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$ |
(22,782 |
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(4)% |
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(15,188 |
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(2)% |
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(7,594 |
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2% |
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7,594 |
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4% |
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15,188 |
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6% |
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22,782 |
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Assuming a hypothetical 1% change in completion factors from those used in our calculation of
IBNR at September 30, 2007, net income for the year ended September 30, 2007 would increase or
decrease by approximately $4.3 million, or $0.15 per diluted share, net of tax. Assuming a
hypothetical 1% change in PMPM cost estimates from those used in our calculation of IBNR at
September 30, 2007, net income for the year ended September 30, 2007 would increase or decrease by
approximately $2.4 million, or $0.08 per diluted share, net of tax. The corresponding figures for a
5% change in completion factors and PMPM cost estimates would be $21.4 million, or $0.76 per
diluted share, net of tax, and $11.8 million, or $0.41 per diluted share, net of tax, respectively.
Because significant increases to prior period claims reserves could trigger material decreases
in reported earnings for the period in which the adjustment is made, our estimates of completion
factors and trended per member per month IBNR include a further reserve for adverse claims
development, and an estimate of the administrative costs of settling all claims incurred through
the reporting date. This reserve for adverse claims development and administrative costs is based
on the same factors referenced above that we consider in setting our estimate of completion factors
and PMPM cost estimates. The absence of adverse claims development will lead to the recognition of
a benefit from prior period claims development in the period subsequent to date of the original
estimate. However, that benefit will affect current period earnings only to the extent that the
replenishment of the reserve for adverse claims development is less than the benefit recognized in
the current period relating to the development of reserves from the prior period.
Mr. James B. Rosenberg
Securities and Exchange Commission
January 11, 2008
Page 10
We seek to maintain a consistent claims reserving methodology across all periods. Accordingly,
any prior period benefit from an un-utilized reserve for adverse claims development is likely to be
offset by the establishment of a new reserve in an approximately equal amount (relative to premium
revenue, medical expense, and medical claims liability) in the current period, and the impact on
earnings for the current period will likely be minimal.
On a monthly basis we review and update our estimated IBNR liability and the methods used to
determine that liability. Any adjustments, if appropriate, are reflected in the period known. While
we believe our current estimates are adequate, we have in the past (most recently during the second
quarter of 2005) been required to increase significantly our claims reserves for periods previously
reported and may be required to do so again in the future. Such significant increases to prior
period claims reserves will materially decrease reported earnings for the period in which the
adjustment is made.
The following table shows the components of the change in our medical claims and benefits
payable for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 and 2006. The negative amounts displayed for
components of medical care costs related to prior years represent the amount by which our
original estimate of claims and benefits payable at the beginning of the period exceeded the actual
amount of the liability based upon information (principally the payment of claims) developed since
that liability was first reported. The benefit of this prior period development may be offset by
the addition of a reserve for adverse claims development when estimating the liability at the end
of the period (captured as a component of medical care costs related to current year). Dollar
amounts are in thousands.
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Nine Months Ended September 30, |
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2007 |
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2006 |
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Balances at beginning of period |
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$ |
290,048 |
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$ |
217,354 |
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Medical claims and benefits payable from business acquired |
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22,536 |
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Components of medical care costs related to: |
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Current year |
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1,568,949 |
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1,254,174 |
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Prior years |
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(49,705 |
) |
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(38,342 |
) |
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Total medical care costs |
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1,519,244 |
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1,215,832 |
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Payments for medical care costs related to: |
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Current year |
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1,278,321 |
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1,017,923 |
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Prior years |
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222,249 |
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180,872 |
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Total paid |
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1,500,570 |
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1,198,795 |
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Balances at end of period |
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$ |
308,722 |
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$ |
256,927 |
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Benefit from prior period as a percentage of premium revenue |
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2.8 |
% |
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2.7 |
% |
Benefit from prior period as a percentage of balance at beginning of period |
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17.1 |
% |
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17.6 |
% |
Benefit from prior period as a percentage of total medical care costs |
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3.3 |
% |
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3.2 |
% |
Days in claims payable |
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54 |
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54 |
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Number of members at end of period |
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1,070,000 |
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1,015,000 |
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Number of claims in inventory at end of period (1) |
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179,186 |
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246,435 |
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Billed charges of claims in inventory at end of period (in thousands) (1) |
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$ |
231,753 |
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$ |
234,494 |
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Claims in inventory per member at end of period (1) |
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0.17 |
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0.26 |
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(1) |
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2006 claims data excludes information for Cape Health
Plan membership of approximately 85,000 members. Cape
membership was processed on a separate claims platform
through September 30, 2007. |